Enterobacter+aerogenes

=Enterobacter aerogenes=

**Shape: Coccobacillus**
Enterobacter aerogenes is short and rod-shed,

**Temperature: 30 degrees Celsius**
Out of the three different temperatures tested:37 degrees Celsiums, Enterobacter aerogenes grows best at 30

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This bacteria has one layer of peptidoglycan with another layer of lipids around it (2 layers). The gram stain came out pink because the outside layer didn't absorb the crystal violet stain but did absorb safranin.======

**Methyl Red Test: Basic**
This bacteria produced basic waste and turned yellow/orange after 48 hours of incubating with glucose.

Motility Test: Motile
Enterobacter aerogenes is motile. Using an innoculating needle with the bacteria on it, a stab line was made through the agar. When the test tube was taken out of the incubator, the stab line was very faint and the bacteria seemed to have moved throughout the agar.

Hemolysis Test: Gamma
This bacteria was gamma. It wasn't alpha or beta because there wasn't any green gunk growing around the streak line and the edges were clean. It was just one streak line without anything else growing in the middle of it.

Antibiotics Test: Chloramphenicol and Hand Sanitizer- success
Penicillin: 0 mm Chloramphenicol: 30 mm Ampicillin: 0 mm Hand sanitizer: 12 mm

The diameter of the ZOI (zone of inhibition) was largest for Chloramphenicol, followed by hand sanitizer. The alcohol in hand sanitizer kills Enterobacter aerogenes by dehydrating the cell wall of the bacteria. In the end, the cell explodes. Chloramphenicol gets in the way of the production of proteins the bacteria need to reproduce, which stops the spread of infection. Penicillin didn't work on this bacteria because it usually stops the production of peptidoglycan. Gram-negative bacteria like Enterobacter aerogenes have a layer of lipids that cover the peptidoglycan, so Penicillin is a lot less effective on gram-negative. Ampicillin didn't work because it is a variation of Penicillin, which means that it kills bacteria the same way.

Environment
Enterobacter aerogenes can be found in many places such as soil, water, and dairy products. It also inhabits the digestive systems of animals and sometimes humans.

Pathogenicity
Enterobacter aerogenes can cause bacteremia, lower respiratory tract infections, skin and soft-tissue infections, urinary tract infections (UTIs), endocarditis, intra-abdominal infections, osteomyelitis, ophthalmic infections, and septic arthritis. Septic Arthritis is where bacteria invade joint space. The patient may face death due to the bacteria's destructive tendency if this condition is not found early enough. Septic Arthritis is caused by a bacterial infection from an open wound or joint surgery. Some symptoms are chills, fever, swelling of the infected joint, inability to move the joint, fatigue, severe pain, and extreme warmth. To treat this disease, doctors implant prosthetic joints for the infected areas.

//Heather Xiao//
Picture sites: http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Enterobacter_aerogenes http://www.marietta.edu/~spilatrs/biol202/labresults/hemolysis.html http://www.aidmyarthritis.com/joint_information/joint_diseases_Septic_Arthritis.php

Resources: http://www.bookroomreviews.com/2011/02/16/veripur-hand-sanitizer-with-moisturizer http://www.netdoctor.co.uk/infections/medicines/100000499.html http://answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080513141211AA5wvO4 http://sinoemedicalassociation.org/usmle2/FirstAidDrugs.htm http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Enterobacter_aerogenes http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/216845-overview